Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 16، number In Volume 8، November 2023 ، issue Number 90

The study of Attar's style in Qalandriyat and Khamriyat based on the analysis of poetic elements

Morad Noushadifard , Mehdi Malek Sabet (Author in Charge), Mohammad Reza Najjarian , Mohammad Khodadadi

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Qalandriyat refers to poems on the outer and inner lineaments of Qalandars, such as their beliefs, ceremonies, and lifestyle. The essay analyzes the constituent elements of Attar Nishaburi’s Qalandriyat and Khamriyat. The elements include form, language, music, semantic contexts, emotions, and imagery. The central objective of the study is to determine the stylistic features of Attar"s poetry, as exhibited in the mentioned poems.

METHODOLOGY: This is a library study. It employs a descriptive-comparative analysis method. After reviewing the basic concepts, the research path is as follows: the form of the poems, the language element at the phonological, lexical, and syntactic levels, the musical element at the external, side, and middle levels, semantic contexts with an emphasis on the main themes of the poems, The element of affection through scrutinizing poet"s self, and finally, the imagery with the focus of figurative speech, simile, metaphor, and irony.

FINDINGS: Along with fixed rhythm, long rhymes, and lexical repetition, the mechanic form has imposed undesirable limitations on the poems. In the syntactic level of language, imperative verbs and sentences have dominance. They present the poetic style of Attar Neishaburi. The external music of his poems is limited to quatrain rhythm. The side music shows his intetion to maximizing the harmony in his poetry. The middle music bases on the element of lexical repetition. Due to the meaning, wine concepts, swinger, Carpe diem, and death significance are more mentioned and most frequent. The element of affection has emerged with the poet"s social self.

CONCLUSION: Implying the imperative form of sentences, lexical repetition, social self significance, irony, and figurative speech are the most noteworthy stylistic features of Attar Nishabouri in Qalandriyat and Khamriyat. Some approaches of the poet, such as emphasizing the mechanical form, fixed rhythm, and long rhymes, have imposed limitations on his poetry.

Keyword
Quatrains , Stylistics , Attar Nishaburi , poetic elements , Qalandriat , Khamriat

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